Zoomed Vinay Special · First-person editorial
Ambedkar Renounced Hinduism and Wrote Down Why: From the 1927 Manusmriti Bonfire to "Worthless" Vedas and the 22 Vows of 1956
For twenty-one years, from Yeola in 1935 to Nagpur in 1956, B.R. Ambedkar said in print and from the stage that he would leave Hinduism, and then he left it, taking lakhs of people with him. I have put his words back on their pages in the Government of Maharashtra's own volumes, beside the words of his that cut the other way and what his critics said back. Then I opened Manu, the Rig Veda, the Upanishads and the Gita to check what he said they say. On caste in Manu, he holds. On "worthless" Vedas and Manu's "three sanctions", the texts say otherwise, and Gandhi's reply fails the same test. Our first version said he "hated" Hinduism; I tested that word against the record, and the record does not carry it.
The point of view
Let's go to Mahad, in the Konkan. To be precise, 25 December 1927. A conference over which B.R. Ambedkar presides burns the Manusmriti, in a resolution "to form the basis of reconstruction of Hindu Society". On 13 October 1935, at Yeola, he says: "I solemnly assure you that I will not die a Hindu." In 1936 he writes that "the enemy, you must grapple with, is not the people who observe Caste, but the Shastras." In a manuscript unpublished in his lifetime he writes: "The Vedas are a worthless set of books." On 14 October 1956 at Nagpur, lakhs of people repeat after him: "I shall have no faith in Rama and Krishna, nor shall I worship them." Every one of those lines is printed, with a page number, in the Government of Maharashtra's edition of his works. So is the page almost nobody quotes. And this time I did one more thing. He told the world what the Hindu books say, so I opened the books. Manu 2.12, the verse he printed as "three sanctions", says in its own words that there are four. The tenth book of the Rig Veda, from which he quoted hymns to show the Vedas contain "nothing that can be said to be spiritually or morally elevating", has a hymn telling the rich to feed the hungry, and he had printed a line of it himself, eleven pages before that conclusion. Where the texts back him, and on caste in Manu they do, I say so. Where Gandhi's answer fails the same test, I say that too. Our first version said he hated Hinduism. Here is what the record actually says.
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B.R. Ambedkar, Annihilation of Caste, with A Reply to Mahatma Gandhi, in Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar: Writings and Speeches, Vol. 1 (Education Department, Government of…
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Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Writings and Speeches, Vol. 17 Part III (Government of Maharashtra, 2003; reprint 2014), (Volume17_Part_III.pdf)
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Constitution of India, Articles 17 and 25(2)(b), text as published at and
constitutionofindia.net
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National Crime Records Bureau, Crime in India 2022, Volume I (Ministry of Home Affairs, December 2023), snapshot and Table 7A.1
ncrb.gov.in
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National Crime Records Bureau, Crime in India 2023, Volume I (Ministry of Home Affairs, 2025), snapshot and Table 7A.1
ncrb.gov.in
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The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, Vol. 62 (October 1935–May 1936; Publications Division, 1975), p. 37
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The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, Vol. 63 (June–November 1936; Publications Division, 1976), pp. 135–136 and 153–154
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The Laws of Manu, tr
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Manusmṛti, Sanskrit text, GRETIL (data entry Michio Yano and Yasuke Ikari)
gretil.sub.uni-goettingen.de
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The Sacred Laws of the Āryas, Part I (Āpastamba and Gautama), tr
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The Hymns of the Rigveda, tr
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The Upanishads, tr
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The Bhagavadgītā, tr
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Vālmīki, Rāmāyaṇa, Sanskrit critical text, GRETIL, and The Rámáyan of Válmíki, tr
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The Mahabharata, tr
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Bhāgavata Purāṇa 1.3.24, Sanskrit at and the Bhaktivedanta translation at; Jayadeva, Gītagovinda 1.13, Sanskrit at; Parāśarasmṛti 1.22–24, Sanskrit at
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S.V. Raju, "Ambedkar, Hinduism and the 'Riddles' controversy", Freedom First, April 1988, republished by Mint
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Arun Shourie, Worshipping False Gods: Ambedkar, and the Facts Which Have Been Erased (ASA, 1997; HarperCollins India, 2012), p. 376 of the 2012 edition
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