Zoomed Vinay Special · First-person editorial
Ambedkar Quit Over the Hindu Code Bill. The President Talked of Refusing Assent, Nehru Shelved It, Then Passed Most of It in Four Acts
Seven claims about the Hindu Code Bill and Ambedkar's resignation in 1951, tested against Parliament's record, Ambedkar's own statement, Nehru's letters and the Gazette of India. What the Bill would have changed, who fought it and in what words, why a President talked of refusing his assent, the day Ambedkar walked out of the House, and how much of his Code the Acts of 1955 and 1956 actually kept. "Nehru betrayed Ambedkar" and "Nehru got the Code passed" are both graded, and neither survives whole.
The point of view
On 11 October 1951 Dr B.R. Ambedkar walked out of Parliament rather than show his resignation statement to the Chair. In it he wrote that the Hindu Code Bill, which would have given daughters a share in their father's property and Hindu wives the right to divorce, had been "killed". Nehru's letters show he fought the President over it and wanted it passed. They also show he shelved even its marriage chapter, and told the Chief Ministers that Ambedkar was leaving "because of ill health". Four years later Nehru's government passed the reform as four separate Acts. Here is what each document proves.
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B.R. Ambedkar, Statement in Parliament in explanation of his resignation from the Cabinet, New Delhi, 10 October 1951, in Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar: Writings and Speeches, Vol.…
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BAWS Vol. 14 Part I (2013 reprint), pp. 3–12, 37–38, 249, 282, 305–307, 358, 544–545, 687–689, 761–764
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BAWS Vol. 15 (2013 reprint), pp. 815–830, 976–979, 996
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Jawaharlal Nehru, Selected Works of Jawaharlal Nehru, Second Series, Vol. 16 Part II (Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fund, 1994), section "The Hindu Code Bill", pp. 377–395
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Jawaharlal Nehru, Letters to Chief Ministers 1947–1964, Vol. 2 (1950–1952), ed. G. Parthasarathi (Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fund, 1986), pp. 479–80, 496, 500–502, 512, 614–615
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Parliament of India, The Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 (No. 25 of 1955), Gazette of India Extraordinary, Part II, Section 1, No. 35, 18 May 1955, pp. 269–281
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Parliament of India, The Hindu Succession Act, 1956 (No. 30 of 1956), Gazette of India Extraordinary, Part II, Section 1, No. 38, 18 June 1956, pp. 641–654
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The Hindu Succession Act, 1956 as amended by Act 39 of 2005, s. 6, Indian Kanoon
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The Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, 1956 (No. 32 of 1956), Indian Kanoon
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The Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act, 1956 (No. 78 of 1956), Indian Kanoon
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The Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 as amended, s. 13, Indian Kanoon
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Supreme Court of India, Naveen Kohli v. Neelu Kohli, 21 March 2006, Indian Kanoon
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Swami Karpatri, Hindu Code Bill Sameeksha, Part 1, Telugu translation by Bulusu Udaya Bhaskaram (Sadhana Granthamandali, Tenali, 1951), preliminary pages
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Ramachandra Guha, "Reforming the Hindus", The Hindu, 18 July 2004
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